The Scientific Understanding Of Animals Essay - 1696 Words

The early Greek physicians-scientists Aristotle and Erasistratus were some of the first people to test on animals. Galen a Greek physician conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Ibn Zuhr a physician from the twelfth century tested surgical procedures on animals before performing them on human patients. An estimate of 60 million animals are used worldwide every year for testing, animals are used for three main reasons: to advance scientific understanding, to develop solutions for medical problems, and to protect the safety of the people, the animals, and the environment. Mammals are mainly used because they are very similar to humans under the skin, mammals and humans have the same organs controlled by the same nerves and hormones. Chimpanzees and humans share 98% of the same genes. Some of the things tested on animals are cosmetics, household cleaners, drugs, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. All procedures have the ability to cause the animals physical and psychological distress and suffering. Most animals used in experiments are killed at the end of the trial or are re-used. Many of the animals that are used are mice, fish, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, farm animals, birds, cats, dogs, and nonhuman primates. More than 12 million animals are used in the top three animal testing countries which are, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It is the law to test drugs on animals before theyShow MoreRelatedImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing or animal experimentation is the use of non-human species such as animals, in experiments to test the affect of controlled variables on the subjects behaviour or physical appearance. The use of animal testing in science is a controversial issue that has divided the public for many centuries ; between immense passion and emotion from those opposing the practice, and those that preach its integral part in the advancement of science. The divide in the topic is between the scientific communityRead MoreEssay about The Benefits of Animal Testing are Too Great to Stop775 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Animal testing began when William Harvey used animals 400 years ago to find out how blood circulated through the body. The modern era of animal research however started about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. It was very different back then. There were no anesthetics or effective painkillers, so the animals suffered a great deal, as did patients. Scientists learned that putting animals, or humans through that type of torture was inhumane. Consider having toRead MoreEthical And Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing And Research759 Words   |  4 PagesEthical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, which emphasized reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use, principles, many scientists referred to the three R’s. These principles encouraged researchers to work to cut down the figure of animals utilized in experiments to the minimum considered necessary, re fine or limit the pain and distress to which animals are exposed, and replace the use of animals with non-animalRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Biomedical Research1710 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world of biomedical research. This practice refers to humans modifying an animals’ genetic component in order to express a particular trait (Dale et al). The scientific community calls the animals produced by this practice as transgenic animals in order to distinguish between its wild type relative. This innovative technology paved ways for medical breakthroughs, along with the expansion of human understanding towards the mechanisms of prevalent diseases. As a result, research in the pharmaceuticalRead MoreAnimal Research And Testing : The Importance Of Animal Testing1441 Words   |  6 Pagespeoples began to realize the necessity of medical advancements for the survival of the species. Scientific idealists would observe the human body to find cures to illnesses, but d ue to human morality their ability to further the research often became limited. It was essential for scientists to better understand medical related issues, so they started to perform their hypothesized experiments on specific animals. The data recovered led to a discovery that certain species’ genetic, biological and behavioralRead MoreThe Four Primary Ethical Principles1293 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (Feldman, 2013, p.5). The simplistic definition is actual very complex, as it includes a persons thought, emotions, perceptions, reasoning process, memories, and their biological activates that maintain their bodily functions (Feldman, 2013, p.5). Psychologists use the scientific method in order to describe, predict, and explain human behavior (Feldman, 2013, p.5). This is done to achieve an understanding of what or why a personRead MoreDefending Evolution And Its Importance1286 Words   |  6 Pageslack the understanding of certain evolutionary concepts, which creates a false understanding of how evolution works. Creationists’ misconception does not give them justification to remove the teaching of biological evolution. There’s a substantial amount of evidence to debunk creationists claims as well as evidence to show logical deductions showing the evolution theory to be most likely true. Evolution s hould not be removed from the academic curriculum due to creationists’ faulty understanding of evolutionRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution And Evolution1685 Words   |  7 Pagesone hundred and fifty years later? In order to understand the contrary side of this debate, the question must be asked: â€Å"why would evolution not be possible?†. This student will walk through possible reasons someone might not accept evolution as a scientific theory, as well as some of the more well-known arguments , and provide responses to those arguments from the side of evolutionary science . The first thing one must understand is that there are many different factions of people that do not â€Å"believe†Read MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pagescannot be remedied. As the scientific community begins to understanding more about how the human body and its genetic material behaves and functions, it is only logical that the ability to manipulate DNA, while mitigating the adverse effects should improve over time. One only needs to look at the genetic engineering of plants and animals for agricultural purposes to see this effect from a utilitarian perspective. While manipulating the genetic structure of plants and animals has led to an increase in